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          How to migrate your own NS servers
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="缘起"><a href="#缘起" class="headerlink" title="缘起"></a>缘起</h2><p>我厂原来的权威 DNS 服务器放在阿里云上的（三个完全不同的节点每个节点一台），但现在这几个节点要撤了，所以这些个权威 DNS 服务器必须要要迁往别处了。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="技术背景"><a href="#技术背景" class="headerlink" title="技术背景"></a>技术背景</h2><h3 id="DNS架构"><a href="#DNS架构" class="headerlink" title="DNS架构"></a>DNS架构</h3><p>DNS 的结构管理就像一个倒着的大树，上一级的权威服务器上可以把自己下一级的管理权通过 DNS 纪录里的 NS 纪录（NS 这里是 nameserver 的意思）指派给别的服务器（这个服务器就叫做“权威服务器”）</p>
<h3 id="glue-record"><a href="#glue-record" class="headerlink" title="glue record"></a>glue record</h3><p>由于往往会把类似于 xxx.com 这种域的 NS 纪录指向 ns1.xxx.com、ns2.xxx.com 这种纪录，而这种纪录最终指向的 IP 地址，又是需要通过 ns1.xxx.com、ns2.xxx.com 这两台机器来解析，这样就陷入了死循环，为了避免这种问题的发生，.com 和 .net 域出了一种新的策略：所以成为 NS 纪录的域名（类似上面例子中的 ns1.xxx.com 和 ns2.xxx.com），必须先要注册到 Verisign 的库里，也就是说，需要先能在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.verisign.com/en_US/domain-names/whois/index.xhtml">Verisign 的这里</a> （点“Name Server”再输入查询）查的到的域名，才能作为某个域的 NS 纪录。Verisign 这个库里的这些纪录，就叫做“glue record”。</p>
<p>至于怎么修改 glue record 或者注册新的 glue record，理论上来讲，需要通过你自己域名的 registrar 的系统。</p>
<p>问题又来了，谁是你的域名的 registrar 呢？一般来讲，如果你没迁移过域名托管的话，那么你在哪里注册的域名，你的 registrar 就是谁，比如 GoDaddy。</p>
<p>这里顺便鄙视一下国内很多 registrar：维护 glue record 需要先续费 5 年，掉钱眼儿里去了吧！</p>
<h2 id="实施步骤"><a href="#实施步骤" class="headerlink" title="实施步骤"></a>实施步骤</h2><h3 id="情况说明"><a href="#情况说明" class="headerlink" title="情况说明"></a>情况说明</h3><ul>
<li>我司使用的域有好多，但 NS 纪录都是指向的 ns1.xa.com、ns2.xa.com 和 ns3.xa.com。</li>
<li>由于 xa.com 这个域名的 registrar 在国内，需要续费 5 年才能使用 glue record 功能，所以果断另外启用 registrar 在国外的另外一个域名 xb.com 来做 glue record：ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com。最后 NS 纪录也会用这三个域名</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="具体步骤"><a href="#具体步骤" class="headerlink" title="具体步骤"></a>具体步骤</h3><p>原理弄明白了，做起来就要简单有条理很多：</p>
<ol>
<li>首先是先部署好新的 DNS 服务器（三台），并将域名：ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com 分别指向新的 DNS 服务器</li>
<li>修改我司域所有 6 台权威服务器的 NS 纪录，加入三条：ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com；同时在域 xb.com 的 registrar 的系统里加上新的 glue record：ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com</li>
<li>等 DNS 解析记录收敛的差不多（客户端查 NS 纪录能出所有老的和新的 6 台 DNS 服务器）；这时，在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.verisign.com/en_US/domain-names/whois/index.xhtml">Verisign 的库里</a> （点“Name Server”再输入查询）能查询到 ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com 了</li>
<li>在 registrar （上级）的系统里修改我司域的 NameServer 由 ns1.xa.com、ns2.xa.com 和 ns3.xa.com 到 ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com</li>
<li>等上级（registrar）里关于我司域的 NameServer 的纪录改为 ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com 之后</li>
<li>修改我司域所有 6 台权威服务器上的 NS 纪录，删除掉 ns1.xa.com、ns2.xa.com 和 ns3.xa.com 三台，留下 ns1.xb.com、ns2.xb.com 和 ns3.xb.com 三台</li>
<li>在三台老 DNS 服务器的 query log，发现差不多没有请求过来以后，把服务停掉即可。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="常见问题"><a href="#常见问题" class="headerlink" title="常见问题"></a>常见问题</h2><ol>
<li>千万不能直接在权威服务器上修改 ns1.xa.com、ns2.xa.com 和 ns3.xa.com 指向新 DNS 服务器</li>
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